For men, the most common of all breast conditions is gynecomastia, and enlarging of the breast tissue. Unlike pseudogynecomastia which is caused by fatty tissue, gynecomastia in men is a benign breast disease.
Prepubescent presentations of breast tissue enlargement are most often idiopathic in that causation is rarely determined in over 90% of all cases. Recently, evidence has been brought to light that products containing lavender and/or tea tree oils can produce symptoms similar to gynecomastia in men for prepubescent males.
The NIEHS (National Institute of Environmental Health) conducted tests of products containing tea tree and lavender oil essences due to a study of three cases of prepubescent gynecomastia. The results indicated that these oils have the same effect as increased estrogen levels often associated with gynecomastia in men. They therefore recommend not using lavender or tea tree oil based products on young boys.
In adolescent males, pubertal gynecomastia is relatively common. The hormone fluctuations, specifically estrogen and testosterone balances, that occur during puberty impact the manifestation of pubertal gynecomastia. Affecting over 40% all of males during puberty, most presentations of the disorder will typically disappear within 3 years.
Often this is severely debilitating to an adolescent’s fragile sense of self-esteem. Fortunately, unlike most cases of gynecomastia in men, pubertal gynecomastia will often cease once puberty is over and adulthood is attained.
Persistent pubertal gynecomastia in men is typically caused by insufficient testosterone levels when compared to estrogen levels in the body. These hormones can be greatly affected by both prescribed medications and illegal drug use. If drug-induced, abstinence from the medication or changing the medication may alleviate all breast enlargement symptoms.
Certain genetic disorders, such as Klinefelter Syndrome, as well as chronic liver disease, tumors and castration can also cause gynecomastia in men. All of these issues can create higher levels of estrogen in the male system resulting in enlargement of the breasts. Except in cases of the genetic mutation of a XXY chromosome structure, treating the underlying condition may reverse the enlargement.
Regardless of cause, any male of any age who is experiencing enlargement of the breast accompanied with tenderness or pain should immediately seek consultation with their physician. Although breast cancer in males is a rarity, a clinical examination is required to eliminate that possibility and obtain the diagnosis of benign gynecomastia in men.
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